For legacy Android devices (up to Android 8), MTK Droid Tools can read the partition table from a running phone.
: Specialized technicians use scatter files to bypass Factory Reset Protection (FRP) or Google Account locks. Structural Breakdown scatter file for all android phones
Starting with Android 10, Google introduced ( super partition). Instead of separate system , vendor , product , and odm partitions, they are logical sub-partitions inside a large super image. For legacy Android devices (up to Android 8),
partition_index: SYS1 partition_name: pgpt file_name: N/A is_download: false type: NORMAL linear_start_addr: 0x0 physical_start_addr: 0x0 partition_size: 0x200000 region: EMMC_USER and odm partitions
This method requires technical skill and the exact start address of the partition table.