Gruyere Learn Web Application Exploits Defenses Top Official

| Vulnerability | The "Fix" Keyword | Core Lesson | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Encode | Never trust user input in output. | | CSRF | Tokenize | Verify the request originates from the legitimate site. | | SQLi | Parameterize | Separate code from data. | | Traversal | Sanitize | Validate input against a whitelist of allowed values. |

Viewing snippet?uid=123 vs snippet?uid=124 . If the app doesn't check authorization, you can see everyone’s private data. The Defense: Use indirect reference maps (e.g., a UUID instead of a sequential integer) and enforce server-side access control checks for every object. gruyere learn web application exploits defenses top

Based on the lessons learned from exploiting Gruyere, here are the you must bake into every web application. | Vulnerability | The "Fix" Keyword | Core

Start with a and add defenses in layers: | | Traversal | Sanitize | Validate input

Libraries like React or Angular often handle XSS protection automatically by escaping data by default. 2. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)