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: Increasing awareness among TKW about their rights and where to seek help is vital. This should be a part of pre-departure training and ongoing support.

This article surveys the scale, drivers, legal context, and consequences of such exploitation, and outlines current protective mechanisms and policy recommendations aimed at safeguarding TKW. tkw di entot majikan

Understanding and navigating the legal aspects of working abroad can be complex. : Increasing awareness among TKW about their rights

The findings of this study reveal that many domestic workers in Indonesia face exploitation and abuse at the hands of their employers. The participants reported working long hours without adequate rest, receiving low wages, and experiencing physical and emotional abuse. Many also reported being confined to their employers' homes, with limited access to communication with their families and friends. Understanding and navigating the legal aspects of working

| Aspect | Detail | |--------|--------| | | TKW = Indonesian women employed abroad, primarily as domestic workers (household cleaners, caregivers, nannies). | | Key Destinations | Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman. | | Annual Outflow (2022‑2023) | Approx. 180,000‑210,000 TKW per year (official Ministry of Manpower data). | | Recruitment Channels | Government‑licensed agencies, private agencies, informal networks (family/friends). | | Typical Contract Length | 1–2 years, renewable. | | Remittance Impact | TKW contribute roughly US$ 2‑3 billion annually to Indonesia’s foreign exchange earnings. |

Ford, M. (2016). Women and work in Indonesia: A review of the literature. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 47(3), 357-375.

Female migrant workers often face significant challenges, including but not limited to, physical and psychological abuse, unfair labor practices, and isolation from their families and support networks. These issues are frequently exacerbated by a lack of awareness of their rights, limited access to support services, and sometimes, the absence of effective legal protection.