Because the keyspace is small, systems implement strict rate limiting. A typical implementation locks the account or introduces exponential delays after 5 to 10 failed attempts.
Research indicates that certain codes appear significantly more often than others in user-selected datasets: 123456 , 654321 Repeated: 111111 , 000000 , 999999 Doubled: 123123 , 456456 6 digit otp wordlist
(an ethical hacker), this wordlist is a diagnostic tool. They use it to ensure that a company’s "forgot password" or "login" screen properly rejects multiple failed attempts. If the wordlist works, the developer knows they need to add a "cooldown" timer or a CAPTCHA to protect their users. The takeaway? Because the keyspace is small, systems implement strict
: Combining known usernames with OTP automated guessing. Because the keyspace is small
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